{"id":469,"date":"2012-08-17T09:13:55","date_gmt":"2012-08-17T09:13:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/v2.irinelnicoara.ro\/aviatie\/?p=469"},"modified":"2023-12-06T20:44:46","modified_gmt":"2023-12-06T18:44:46","slug":"icar-universal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aviatie-mircea-cantacuzino.ro\/en\/icar-universal\/","title":{"rendered":"ICAR Universal"},"content":{"rendered":"
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A fost un monoplan rom\u00e2nesc pentru antrenament, al anilor 1930, de dou\u0103 locuri, turism \u0219i acroba\u021bii aeriene.<\/p>

Despre ICAR Universal<\/span><\/strong>– Wikipedia<\/span><\/p>

Role:<\/b><\/span><\/strong> Training plane<\/span><\/p>

Maker:<\/b><\/span><\/strong> ICAR<\/span><\/p>

First flight <\/b><\/span><\/strong>1934<\/span><\/p>

Primul utlizator:<\/b><\/span><\/strong> Romania<\/span><\/p>

Produced<\/b><\/span><\/strong> 1934-1936<\/span><\/p>

Num\u0103r de aeronave construite:<\/b><\/span><\/strong> 14<\/span><\/p>

Design and development<\/b><\/span><\/p>

Universal a fost proiectat \u00een 1932, condus\u0103 de inginerul Mihail Racovita, fabricat \u00een 1934 \u00een fabrica ICAR (<\/span>\u012antreprinderea de construc\u0163ii aeronautice rom\u00e2ne\u015fti<\/span><\/em>), \u00een Bucure\u0219ti. A fost facut dup\u0103 modelul german German Messerschmitt M.23b, licen\u021b\u0103 produs\u0103 de ICAR. Acolo erau trei variante ale avionului. Primul a fost unul pentru distan\u021be lungi, cu un singur loc, sport, cu un motor radial Siemens-Halske Sh 14 de 150CP radial sub NACA cowling, d\u00e2ndu-i o vitez\u0103 maxim\u0103 de 180 km\/h. Un avion (YR-MAI) a fost construit pentru prin\u021besa Marina Stirbey. \u00cen locul unei cabine de pilotaj a existat un rezervor de combustibil suplimentar, oferindu-i rezisten\u021b\u0103 de 6 ore. La sf\u00e2r\u0219itul anului 1930, a fost transformat \u00eentr-un avion turistic, de dou\u0103 locuri.[\/tp][tp lang=”en” only=”y”]The Universal was designed in 1932, led by engineer Mihail Racovita, and manufactured in 1934 in the factory of ICAR (<\/span>\u012antreprinderea de construc\u0163ii aeronautice rom\u00e2ne\u015fti<\/span><\/em>) in Bucharest. It was modeled after the German Messerschmitt M.23b, license-produced by the ICAR. There were three variants of the aircraft. The first was a long-distance single-seater sports aircraft, powered with 150 HP Siemens-Halske Sh 14 radial engine under NACA cowling, giving it a maximum speed of 180 km\/h. One such aircraft (YR-MAI) was built for Princess Marina Stirbey. In a place of a forward cockpit, there was an additional fuel tank, giving it an endurance of 6 hours. In the late 1930s, it was converted to two-seater touring aircraft.<\/span><\/p>

Alte 3 aeronave au fost construite, cu un singur loc, variant\u0103 pentru acroba\u021bie, <\/span>ICAR Universal Acrobatic <\/span><\/strong>(YR-ACA, YR-ACB, YR-ACC). Avenguri crescute la 12,9m, \u0219i propulsate de un motor radial Sh.14a sub capota NACA.<\/span><\/p>

\u00cen urma succesului monopostului, o serie mic\u0103 de 10 formatoare cu dou\u0103 locuri, a fost construit\u0103. De asemenea, cunoscut sub numele de ICAR universal Biloc (= „cu dou\u0103 locuri”). \u00a0Aceast\u0103 variant\u0103 a fost alimentat\u0103 de un motor \u00een linie Havilland Gipsy Major de130 CP, fabricat sub licen\u021b\u0103 de la Bra\u0219ov ca IAR 4GI. Ele au fost produse \u00een 1935-1936.<\/p>

Is<\/span><\/strong>t<\/span><\/strong>orie opera\u021bional\u0103<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u00cen cursul august\u2013septembrie 1936, raza lung\u0103 universal\u0103 (YR-MAI) a fost folosit de Marina Stirbey pentru un zbor solo, ruta Bucure\u0219ti-Tallinn-Helsinki-Copenhagen-Berlin-Bucure\u0219ti. Mai t\u00e2rziu, a fost transformat \u00een dou\u0103 locuri.<\/p>

Din 1934, 3 Universal Acrobatics, vospite ro\u0219ii, au fost folosite \u00eenaintea r\u0103zboiului, de echipa <\/span>Dracii rosii <\/span><\/em>(pilo\u021bii fiind: Petre Ivanovici, Mihail Pantazi \u0219i Maximilian Manolescu-Max). Ei au efectuat spectacole aeriene numeroase, \u00een 1934-1937. A r\u0103mas cea mai de succes acroba\u021bie a aeronavelor construite \u00een Rom\u00e2nia pentru o lung\u0103 perioad\u0103 de timp.<\/span><\/p>

Cele mai multe exemple de Universal Biloc au fost folosite pentru antrenamente. Ei au primit numere de ordine militare de la 1 la 10, vopsite \u00een alb, dar mai t\u00e2rziu s-au dat unele \u00eenregistr\u0103ri civile. \u00centre 14 aprilie \u0219i 25 mai 1935, pilo\u021bii militari Alexandru Cernescu, Mihail Pantazi, George Davidescu, Gheorghe Olteanu, Gheorghe Jienescu \u0219i Anton Stengher au zburat cu 3 Universal Bilocs (YR-ACL, YR-AEL, YR-AEY) modificate, \u00eentr-un zbor din Bucure\u0219ti c\u0103tre Cape Town \u0219i inapoi (23,000 km) \u00een 149 de ore 10 minute. Rezisten\u021ba acestor aeronave a fost modificat\u0103 de la 3 la 8.5h.<\/p>

Descriere<\/b><\/span><\/p>

Monoplan consol\u0103, Low-wing, cu un tren de aterizare fix. Aripile au fost rotunjite, trapezoidal\u0103 cu sfaturi, cu un singur Spar, placaj acoperit (eleroanele au fost acoperite cu \u021bes\u0103turi).Fuselajul a fost semi monococa, realizat dintr-un cadru din lemn, cu placaj acoperit. Partea din fa\u021b\u0103 a fost acoperit\u0103 cu tabl\u0103. Aeronava a avut una sau dou\u0103 cockpituri deschise \u00een tandem, fiecare cu un parbriz individual. Cockpiturile Biloc-ului Universal a avut suprafa\u021b\u0103 de sticl\u0103, pentru a \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi opiniile de mai jos. Motor in fata: IAR 4GI, \u00een linie, 130 CP (Universal Biloc) sau motor radial Siemens-Halske Sh 14, 150 CP, cu capota NACA. Dou\u0103-paie de elice. Exista o mini protec\u021bie spate sub coada. \u00cen varianta acrobatic\u0103, trenul de aterizare principal a avut jambierele cu form\u0103 de lacrim\u0103.<\/p>

Caracteristici Generale<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

  • Crew: <\/span><\/strong>1<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  • Capacity <\/span><\/strong>1, student\/pasager<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  • Length: <\/span><\/strong>6.9 m (22 ft 8 in)<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  • Anvergura: <\/span><\/strong>11.9 m (39 ft)<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  • Height: <\/span><\/strong>1.95 m (6 ft 4\u00be in)<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  • Suprafata portant\u0103: <\/span><\/strong>14.3 m\u00b2 (154 ft\u00b2)<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  • Empty weight: <\/span><\/strong>465 kg (1,023 lb)<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  • Greutate \u00eenc\u0103rcat: <\/span><\/strong>710 kg (1,562 kg)<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  • Motopropulsor group: <\/span><\/strong>1 \u00d7 IAR 4GI licen\u021b\u0103 de Havilland Gipsy Major r\u0103cire cu aer, 4 cilindrii, singur motor, 130 cp (97 kW)<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul>

    Performan\u021b\u0103:<\/strong><\/p>

    • Full speed: <\/span><\/strong>195 km\/h (105 knots, 121 mph)<\/span><\/p><\/li>

    • Cruise speed: <\/span><\/strong>160 km\/h (86 knots, 99 mph)<\/span><\/p><\/li>

    • Service ceiling: <\/span><\/strong>5,500 m (18,040 ft)<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      A fost un monoplan rom\u00e2nesc pentru antrenament, al anilor 1930, de dou\u0103 locuri, turism \u0219i acroba\u021bii aeriene. Despre ICAR Universal– Wikipedia Rol: Avion pentru antrenamente Fabricant: ICAR Primul zbor: 1934 Primul utlizator: Romania Produs: 1934-1936 Num\u0103r de aeronave construite: 14 Proiectare \u0219i dezvoltare Universal a fost proiectat \u00een 1932, condus\u0103 de inginerul Mihail Racovita, fabricat […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1716,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[172,183,200,249],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-469","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-flota","category-ioana-cantacuzino","category-marina-stirbei","category-virginia-thomas"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aviatie-mircea-cantacuzino.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/469","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aviatie-mircea-cantacuzino.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aviatie-mircea-cantacuzino.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aviatie-mircea-cantacuzino.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aviatie-mircea-cantacuzino.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=469"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/aviatie-mircea-cantacuzino.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/469\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aviatie-mircea-cantacuzino.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1716"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aviatie-mircea-cantacuzino.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=469"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aviatie-mircea-cantacuzino.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=469"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aviatie-mircea-cantacuzino.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=469"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}